The Usa Patriot Policy Paper - 2241 Words

The USA Patriot policy paper University of Phoenix The USA Patriot policy paper The Patriot policy developed, after the horrible events of 9/11 attacks. It was in power to ensure that Americans would never have to deal with a tragedy as such again happening, to our beloved society and citizens. That we will protect and secure from the United States enemies and will be better equip, to prevent threats and attacks that are foreign and domestic. A paper we will discuss our point, of view of the Patriot Act and the related legislation that deal with the following areas. Like the Societal implications of the USA PATRIOT law and similar legislation limiting daily behaviors. Next are the worries associated to race, ethnicity, sexual†¦show more content†¦This law gives companies that are private more flexibility to report public information about the number of national security demands for surveillance they obtain. It needs declassification with the FISA courts and their view that deals with the legal ruling also a summary if they cannot get the declassificatio n. It made to stop interpretation that secret like the one that granted the massive collection of their phone records of the United States. Also, have transparency, it will let the people know if any of these powers is abused granting the private companies, to be able to release more information also acts of surveillance. The law on the freedom act will also give a judicial review of any gag orders, which has to deal with any request from the NSL’s. This law helps citizens put their mind at ease with the patriot act. It violations of privacy rights bring balance, to society again and obtain freedom back to the people. Nevertheless, at the same time help, law enforcement agencies still have the tools; they need to fight to protect the United States from any enemies and their threat to attack our society (Ken Dilanian, 2015). Worries associated to race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, age, and beliefs as they identify with police agencies and security services There is a yes and no answer to be concerned the patriot act does, unjustly target communities that are minority also immigrant. For the reason that it gives the police and other law enforcementShow MoreRelatedThe Usa Patriot Act And The Homeland Security Act1663 Words   |  7 PagesGovernment to enact two different policies. The â€Å"Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorist Act (also known as the USA PATRIOT Act) and the Homeland Security Act. Many individual feel that these two policies have infringed the rights of the American people, while others believe that these infringements are a necessity to ensure the safety of the people. This paper will explore if in fact these two policies are unreasonably and unjustlyRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement1282 Words   |  6 Pagesthe USA Patriot Act on Local Law Enforcement Teddilane Turner PSF8200 Advanced Research in Public Safety Issues, Theory, and Concepts This paper presents the topic selected for the final Public Safety Case Analysis Project, an overview of the USA Patriot Act, its impact on local law enforcement, and the potential for net widening. Congress reacted to the violation to our country on September 11, 2001 by passing the USA Patriot Act into law on October 26, 2001. (USA Patriot ActRead MoreImpact of the Usa Patriot Act2309 Words   |  10 Pagesconcern of this paper is to establish the impact of the USA Patriot Act on local law enforcement and its potential for net widening. This paper will cover three primary areas to provide a proper public safety case analysis. First the paper will describe the public safety agency and its roles in relation to the USA PATRIOT ACT. Then the paper will provide a detail explanation of the leadership, management, and administration roles of the public safety agency chosen. Finally this paper will cover theRead MoreThe United States Patriot Act1533 Words   |  7 PagesKaylyn Dailey 11/27/16 Professor Carter American Gov. Term Paper Patriot Act On September 11, 2001, the Unites States suffered massive destruction caused by terrorism. Four planes were hijacked by terrorist. Nearly, three thousand lives were lost when two planes crashed into the World Trade Towers, one crashed into the Pentagon, and the final plane crashed in Pennsylvania before it could reach its final destination. An immense fear spread across the country and out of this fear came the UnitingRead MoreUse Of Securitisation Theory And Documentary Analysis1023 Words   |  5 Pagesuse securitisation theory and documentary analysis to find that increased security from terrorism in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorism took precedence over the civil liberties of privacy and freedom. This paper focuses on how the George W. Bush Administration, hereby referred to as the Bush Administration, successfully justified the infringement of civil liberties post-9/11 although it will also include the revelations of Snowden in 2013 and how this impactedRead More We Must Regain Our Lost Civil Liberties Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesbefore in our country. Patriots quickly came together, supporting the president to pass legislation, known as the USA Patriot Act, to tackle internal and external threats to this nation. The debate ensued, focused on which types of surveillance technology should or shouldnt be allowed for arresting terrorists. However, the question remains as to how these devices are going to be used, and how personally are those who use them held accountable. The purpose of this paper is to confirm that theRead MoreRegulations And Standards Of The Sarbanes Oxley Act1178 Words   |  5 Pagesfinancial disgraces which occurred due to lack of proper storage of business records including electronic records and electronic messages. This act requires financial institutions to store audit trail of log files and other financial documentation either paper or electronic versions for five years. It is v ery important the IT department of any organization to securely store data for audit purpose to avoid huge penalties and even imprisonment. Backup is also an important aspect as this act requires financialRead MoreU.s. Defense Of Homeland Security3756 Words   |  16 PagesUnited States completely revamped its entire system of defense, policy prescription and stance with regards to terrorism; both foreign and domestic. The Department of Homeland Security was created, direct militaristic action was taken against these terrorists and domestic and foreign policy was changed in order to combat the new threat. While much of this â€Å"war on terror† was fought far away from U.S. soil, that did not stop these new policies from affecting the lives of U.S. citizens directly. The mostRead More The Patriot Act: Trampling on the Bill of Rights Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesSeveral weeks after the horrible terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT ACT) Act was rushed through Congress by Attorney General, John Ashcroft. This particular Act, however, was established with a ruling hand of fear. Life for Americans changed dramatically in those immediate days, weeks, and months after the attack. America had been spoiled with luxury for so longRead MoreEssay on 2001 USA Patriot Act is Unconstitutional and Ineffective2111 Words   |  9 PagesObstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 commonly known as the USA Patriot Act. This paper will attempt to prove that not only is the USA Patriot Act unconstitutional but many of its provisions do nothing at all to protect Americans from the dangers of terrorism. While this act made legislative changes that increased surveillance and the investigative powers of law enforcement agencies to protect America from further terrorist acts, the passing of the USA Patriot Act has reduced the privacy rights of Americans

Essay on American Imperialism in the Philippines - 3614 Words

In 1898, in an effort to free Cuba from the oppression of its Spanish colonizers, America captured the Philippines. This brought about questions of what America should do with the Philippines. Soon, controversy ensued both in the American political arena as well as among its citizens. Throughout its history, America had always been expansionistic, but it had always limited itself to the North American continent. Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, however, there emerged a drive to expand outside of the continent. When America expanded to the Philippines, the policy it followed was a stark break from past forms of expansionism. Despite much controversy, America followed the example of the imperialistic nations in Europe and sought to†¦show more content†¦The idea of Manifest Destiny stemmed in part from the ideas of the Monroe Doctrine.? It was an intangible concept best described as a pervasive thirst for expansion in America that shaped American history.? Americans bel ieved that it was their destiny to encompass the entire North American continent (Lubbrage 1). The westward migration of American settlers and European immigrants to the Midwest in the 1840?s and 1850?s prompted this movement. Swayed by popular zeal for expansion, political leaders chose to neglect the conflicts that would ensue with Mexico and Great Britain (Henretta 360).? In his document entitled Manifest Destiny (1845) ?from which the movement received its name OSullivan articulated the philosophies of Manifest Destiny. He envisioned in Americas future, the ?defence of humanity, of the oppressed of all nations, of the rights of conscience, the rights of personal enfranchisement. He believed that America was the chosen country to do this, as it did not have a history of conflict except in the defense of its freedom (O?Sullivan paragraph 4). Americans saw it as their divine mission to expand to spread democracy and Christianity (Henretta 360). A critical turning point in American expansion was when America first looked to Cuba. During this period of westward expansion, the new political movement known as Young America whichShow MoreRelatedAmerican Imperialism and the Colonization of the Philippines Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Imperialism and the Colonization of the Philippines The irony of the 1898 Spanish-American war was that Americans fought partly to aid Cubans in the fight for Cuban sovereignty, and the United States ended up colonizing some territories they won from Spain, like the Philippines. Despite America’s previous claims of only supporting independence and democracy, the United States became an imperialist power and colonized the Philippines (Introduction to the Spanish-American war and theRead MoreImperialism Could Have Grown American Into A World Power1525 Words   |  7 Pages Imperialism could have grown American into a world power and still have respected different cultures. Americans viewed the growing nation as a â€Å"melting pot† mixing all cultures into the â€Å"American culture†, which was at the root, white-supremacy. American imperialism was executed poorly by bulldozing the cultures, if America valued and coexisted with the different cultures, an incredible amount of culture and lives could have been save d. Expanding America should have been similar to making a mixedRead MoreImperialism And The American Power Scheme1254 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism is the policy or action by which one country controls another country or territory. Most such control is achieved by military means to gain economic and political advantages. Such a policy is also called expansionism. An expansionist state that obtains overseas territories follows a policy usually called colonialism. An imperialist government may wish to gain new markets for its exports, plus sources of inexpensive labor and raw materials. A far-flung empire may satisfyRead MoreThe American War Of 18981372 Words   |  6 Pagesand pushing boundaries. During the eighteenth century, Americans set out to settle the western frontier, ingrained within them the idea of manifest destiny, which stated that the United States was destined to stretch from coast to coast. Individuals began to migrate west in droves, rapidly expanding the United States until they reached the Pacific. In 1890, the Census Bureau declared that the frontier had been â€Å"officially closed.† Americans had settled the far reaches of their country, fulfillingRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Mark Twains War Prayer772 Words   |  4 PagesThe Filipino-American war is one of the significant wars, because it was a continuation of the Filipino struggle for independence that took several years. Not all Americans supported these wars; Mark Twain, an American author, expressed his disappointment of the church through his prayer. Mark Twains war prayer was a response to the Spanish American war; he presented his viewpoint on the military, and the war itself. In the first part of his prayer, he praises the soldiers and prays for victoryRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Monroe Doctrine1195 Words   |  5 Pageswas established by U.S. president James Monroe and the U.S. secretary of state John Quincy Adams. Their plan of the Monroe Doctrine represented a solid line where the Americans will no longer tolerate interference from European powers in any way shape or form. For the most part, America was minding its own business until Imperialism started booming in the late 1800’s. Latin America was less developed and America saw South and Central America as perfect candidates to extract resources and sell U.SRead MorePhilippine Insurrection828 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Imperialism in America† For a brief period of time, America became the exact thing it once strived to defeat: an imperialist.   The moment the Treaty of Paris was signed on February 6, 1899, America became an imperialist.   America was divided on the issue of imperialism.   Some said that imperialism was wrong because it was against everything our nation was founded upon.   Others saw imperialism as a chance to exploit people and land to earn power and prestige.   The following paragraphs will exploreRead MoreImperialism Cartoons Vs. Japanese Imperialism1537 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism Cartoon Paper During the late nineteenth century, the United States and Japan joined European nations to become an imperial power. Their ultimate goal was to influence other areas around the world for their own benefit, interest, and advancement. Countries become imperialistic for various reasons such as economics (secure markets), military power (excessive force and control), and political reasons (nationalism). In order to extend their power, they used these three main components toRead MoreThe Age Of America s New Imperialism1668 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in the 1890s The 1890’s was the age of America’s new imperialism. The idea of imperialism resulted from the belief of Manifest Destiny, the idea of expanding America’s frontier from coast to coast was destined by God. The continuation of filling up western land created a closed frontier, pushing America to expand to other places outside of the mainland. The principle of expanding to other areas was to help America become a world power. The closing of the frontier was introduced byRead MoreImperialism Cartoons Vs. Japanese Imperialism1539 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism Cartoon Paper During the late nineteenth century, the United States and Japan joined European nations to become an imperial power. Their ultimate goal was to influence other areas around the world for their own benefit, interest, and advancement. Countries become imperialistic for various reasons such as economics (secure markets), military power (excessive force and control), and political reasons (nationalism). In order to extend their power, they used these three main components to

MINICASE Luxury Wars Free Essays

United States, France, Germany, and Western Europe. Hermes International is a multi-billion dollar French business owned and controlled by the Hermes family. The business makes and sells luxury goods across numerous product categories. We will write a custom essay sample on MINICASE Luxury Wars or any similar topic only for you Order Now After being passed down through several generations the company decided to list its share on the public market for the reasons listed below: To provide family members with a means to value their stake in the company To allow partial ‘cash-outs’ if dividends alone were insufficient, knowing that some family members were known to maintain lavish lifestyles To raise capital while still being able to influence important decisions (like electing the CEO or Chairman), and still controlling the strategic and operational decisions of the firm To obtain financing that would support the long term development of the company and to accommodate ease of trading for shareholders in transfer of ownership. B. What risks comes from a public listing? Amidst the several advantages of going public there are equally associated risks for a company to consider when making such decisions. The list below, while not exhaustive, identifies some of the risks associated with a company ongoing public: The agency problem. When a company goes public it runs the risk of minimal interest. The potential for this conflict comes along as the objective of management and owners may not be aligned. Note that in the case of Hermes International for the first time ever the current CEO is not a family member. Without adequate controls going public can distort long-term vs.. Short-term value minimization. Privately held firms usually have long-term value minimization while publicly held firms tend to focus on quarterly earnings. Earnings now have to satisfy shareholders and not just support the Emily. Focus on profitable growth may change as decisions taken may be consistent with impatient capitalism. Things happen in the company and owners are unaware. Note the Renault and Elvis’s share acquisition. Loss of control of the company (limited control as to when shareholders go to the secondary market and no control over equity swaps on some amount of the company’s shares) Loss of confidentiality and flexibility due to regulations of the security and exchange commission. Vulnerability to take over should the stock price decline significantly. Increased capital can allow Coo’s adequate opacity to take on additional projects that are not aligned with the interest of shareholders. With the long list of risks to which company IIS are exposed after going public, there are measures can be taken to minimize the impact of the risks to shareholders, These controls can come in the form of stock options (restricted or open), management compensation packages, or an instituted holding company to represent and manage shareholders. How to cite MINICASE Luxury Wars, Papers

Relationship Between Games and Play

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Games and Play. Answer: In this essay, the relationship between play and games has been explored. Smart phone games and web based play are only considered in this assignment. The discussion of this essay will mainly revolve around one of the most popular smart phone games of all time Angry birds. Now a question may arise during the conduction of this assignment is that why games matter and why it is required to be taken seriously in academic context? The answer is that video game represents the single largest section of digital media. The estimated value of global video game industry is 81.5 billion (Tulloch, 2014). North America and Asia Pacific region hold the large percentage of the revenue. In future, video game industry can develop huge amount of job opportunity such as game designer, producer and AI programmer (Bogost, 2008). In addition video games also represent meaningful arena of research that represent business, media, culture and contemporary society. Now, before going into in-depth discussion related with the relationship between play and games, it is required to define these two concepts. According to Lund (2014), play can be conceptualized as the method in which people might start to think about their relationship to games. Liebe (2008) argued that play is something that changes in meaning whether it is done as children or adults. It changes with the change of abstraction, imagination and competition. Nielsen et al. (2008) mentioned that play is always related with games. However, Ang (2005) argued that play always remain significant as it helps to develop perception of people about games and gaming. In earlier years, two theorists Caillois and Huizinga had tried to combine the meaning of gaming and play in their definitional work. However with the increase of the diversification of games, it has become essential to distinguish between the two concepts of game and play. Before discussing about video games, it is required to answer the most general question: what is play. According to Brabazon (2016), play can be defined as a decoder that translates our understanding about race, power, gender, age and cultural values. However, many people have disagreed with this statement. According to Giddens (1964), play is just for entertainment. It is a way to escape a tough day. For this reason, the meaning of play has different meaning in childhood and in adulthood. Brabazon (2016) stated that, in childhood, play is a benevolent and happy verb. However, it is labelled as subjective behaviour in adulthood. In the context to describe the term play, it is required to mention about the contextual reading of two writers JohanHuizingaand RogerCaillois. JohanHuizingais considered as Godfather of the playing politics and gaming theory. He had developed the outline of the theory of play. According to Huizinga (1944), there are four major elements related with play. Play is voluntary, not serious, disinterested and limited. However, RogerCaillois had criticized Huizinga. Caillois (2001) argued that Huizingas definition about play is very limited. It provides a series of problems and difficulties to understand the concept of play. According to Caillois (2001) play has six major characteristics. 1) Play is free or not obligatory 2) it has its own time and space, separate from the daily routine of life 3) results of play is uncertain and cannot be predetermined 4) it is unproductive as it cannot build wealth 5) It governs by rules that every play must has to follow 6) It makes players believe in existence of virtual realities against real life. Now lets discuss about the concept of gaming. According to Juul (2010), six essential characteristics of games can be found. These characteristics are such as 1) fixed rules 2) valorization of result 3) variable outcome and 4) optional consequences. In addition, outcome of game is associated with 5) players and 6) players effort. The definition of games provided Juul accounts for the ambiguity in games and the relationship of the games with players. The six characteristics developed by Juul (2010), can offer great amount of flexibility to understand different forms of rules and play. Angry Bird for example can be considered along the range of games definition. Work of Juul had provided a clear context for the definitions of digital games to get full realization. However, despite of this great effort, the tension between games and play still exist. Liebe had criticized the concept of the magic circle developed by Juul. According to Liebe (2008), computer and mobile gaming can provide an entirely different playing experience that Juul was not able to address. Liebe (2008) argued that modern day computer and mobile gaming define and uphold the context for play so that players do not have to. Hence, due to the existence of exceptional space for play, players do not have to enter into magic circle. Rodriguez (2006) stated that rules are develop in game to guide players to complete a game in proper or traditional way. It is one of the major factors that can distinguish play from game. Salen and Zimmerman (2004) mentioned that play can be imaginative with no specific goal and objective in mind. While in games, goals and aims are regulated by rules. However, in modern day video gaming, braking rules, cheating and hacking have become an important part. Kucklich (2009) had mentioned that using cheat codes in mobile and computer games could outline the method to become productive. It has now become necessary part of the gaming industry as well. Now it is required to analyze one Smartphone game to evaluate the relationship between play and game. Angry Bird has been selected for this analysis. It is one of the most popular mobile games of all time. It is puzzle video game develop by Rovio Entertainment. The game was inspired majorly by a sketch of wingless bird. In December 2009, the game was first released on iOS and Maemo devices. Since 2009, more than 12 million copies of the game was sold through Goggle App store and Ios. It helped the company to develop the version of the game for other touch screen based Smartphones. Rules (game play) of the Angry birds game: In this smart phone game, players have to control a group of multi-colored birds that are trying to retrieve their stolen eggs from the groups of hungry green pigs (AngryBirds, 2017). The enemy pigs are sheltered by structures made of different materials such as wood and glass and stones. They look like the building blocks mad by children. Objective of the game is to eliminate all pigs in each level. In the game players are able to launch a limited set of bird with different socialites. Players have to target their birds to directly damage the pigs or their surroundings and structures so that it collapse on the pigs. Using the touch control system, players have to set the angle and force to launch these birds by pulling back the slingshot. Several objects like stones, TNT have been incorporated in the game to help players to complete the stage. In addition, power-ups can be used so that birds can reach far reaching pigs (AngryBirds, 2017). Players can use various types of birds in this game. They can be distinguished by their shape and color and they have different capabilities. In the early stages, players have to use the basic red birds. In later stages different other types of birds are available. Special abilities of these birds can be activated by players by tapping the touch screen while the birds are in air. For example, yellow birds can speed up in the direction of tapping. Blue bird can be divided into three small blue birds after tapping, black birds explode, white birds can drop eggs over the structure of pigs, green birds can boomerang back and pick birds can trap objects in bubble (AngryBirds, 2017). The pigs can also vary according to size. Small pigs are weaker and withstand low amount of damage. Some of them even were hats and armors to withstand more damage. In every stage, the type, quantity and sequence of throwing birds are predetermined by developers (effort of players). It is the task of players t o set proper strategy to launch the birds in best angle and force to destroy all pigs (vary according to players). Bonus is received for any unused birds. After completion of every stage, players receive one, two or three stars depending on the score received by players (different outcome). Players can try as many times as they want to complete a stage successfully to earn additional points for a stage. Due to its clever, challenging and addictive game play, the game Angry Bird has received positive review from both critics and users. Will Greenwald ofPC Magazine stated that, none other games are able to provide such satisfying touch screen control experience like angry birds do. For this reason Angry Bird is acclaimed as the top-selling paid application on Goggles App store in the year of 2010 (AngryBirds, 2017). From this analysis it can be concluded that play or game play has significant impact on the over quality of a game and experience of players. Additive game play of Angry birds indicates that it is able to attract mobile users to play this game again and again, even they fail to complete some stages due to high level of complexity. Reference List Ang, C. S. (2005). Rules,gameplayand narratives in video games.Simulation and Gaming: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Theory, Practice and Research, 37(3). 306 325 AngryBirds,. (2017).Games | Angry Birds.Angry Birds. Retrieved 4 April 2017, from https://www.angrybirds.com/games/ Bogost, I. (2008). The rhetoric of video games. InSalenK. (ed.),The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge: The MIT Press Brabazon, T. (2016). Introduction: Play Up? Play Around?. InPlay: A Theory of Learning and Change(pp. 1-4). Springer International Publishing. Caillois, R. (2001).Man, Play and Games, (translated by MeyerBarash). Urbana: University of Illinois Press Giddens, A. (1964). Notes on the concepts of play and leisure.The Sociological Review, 12 (1), 73 - 89 Huizinga, J. (1944).HomoLudens: A Study of the Play-Element in Culture. Boston: Beacon Press Juul, J. (2010). The game, the player, the world: Lookingfor a heart of gameness.PLURAIS-RevistaMultidisciplinardaUNEB, 1(2). 248 - 270 Liebe, M. (2008). There is no magic circle: On the difference between computer games and traditional games.The Philosophy of Computer Games Conference Proceedings, 324 - 340 Lund, A. (2014). Playing, gaming,workingandlabouring: Framingthe concepts and relations.Triple C, Communication, Capitalism and Critique: Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 12(2), 735 801 Nielsen, SimonE, Smith SusanaPajaresT. (2008). What is a Game. InUnderstanding Video Games: The Essential Introduction(pp. 22-44). Taylor and Francis Rodriguez, H. (2006). The playful and the serious: An approximation to Huizinga's Homo Ludens.Game Studies,6(1). Salen, K. and Zimmerman, E. (2004).Rules of Play: Game Design Fundamentals. Cambridge: MIT Press Tulloch, R. (2014). The construction of play: Rules, restrictions and the repressive hypothesis.Games and Culture, 9(5). 335 - 350.

Styrene monomer Benzoyl peroxide Essay Example

Styrene monomer  Benzoyl peroxide Paper Abstract The aim for this experiment is to find out how inhibitors or retarders can affect the process of polymerisation. As an initiator, a system of Benzoyl Peroxide was applied. Benzoquinone (inhibitor) and Nitrobenzene (retarder) were used in this experiment. This experiment contained three different samples all consisting Styrene and Benzoyl Peroxide. An inhibitor was added to the samples to conduct the experiment: Sample A was left as is; Sample B had Benzoquinone added; and Sample C had Nitrobenzene added. Each sample was then observed to measure its rate of polymerisation. It was found that the initial rate of polymerisation was almost steady for all samples within the first 20 minutes. From then, the rate of polymerisation changed in each sample. In Sample A, where no inhibitor or a retarder was used, the rate of polymerisation was dramatically increased. Whereas in Sample B and C which contained an inhibitor and retarder, had a slower rate of polymerisation. However, it was found that Sample C containing Nitrobenzene (retarder) had a faster rate of polymerisation than Sample B which contained Benzoquinone. The experiment concluded that the greater the content of the polymer and the higher the viscosity of the reaction system, the sooner the rise in the rate of polymerisation system. The experimental evidence of this study makes it possible to control the synthesis of Polystyrene from monomer to polymer. Objectives The following questions will be answered once this experiment has been carried out:   To find out the roles played by Benzoyl Peroxide, Benzoquinone and Nitrobenzene.   To find out how long the induction period lasts. We will write a custom essay sample on Styrene monomer  Benzoyl peroxide specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Styrene monomer  Benzoyl peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Styrene monomer  Benzoyl peroxide specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To find out how Benzoquinone and Nitrobenzene slow down the rate of polymerisation of styrene.   To work out the rate constant for decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide. Introduction The synthesis of Polystyrene by free radical addition polymerisation involves three major kinetic steps: Initiation; Propagation; and Termination. Benzoyl Peroxide is a common initiator to start the reaction. General Equation 1- Initiation: On heating, Benzoyl Peroxide decomposes to give two free radicals. The initiation step usually includes the addition of the first monomer molecule: In this reaction the free radical attacks the monomer and adds to it. The double bond is broke open and free radical reappears at the far end. 2- Propagation: After initiation reactions, many monomer molecules are added rapidly, perhaps in a fraction of a second. On the addition of each monomer, the free radical moves to the end of the chain. 3- Termination: In the termination reaction, two free radicals react with each other. Termination is either by combination where R represents a long chain of portions or by disproportionation where hydrogen is transferred from one chain to the other. This latter result produces in a two final chains. While the normal mode of addition is a head-to-tail reaction, this termination step is normally head-to-head. Methodology Materials used: The following materials were used in order to conduct the experiment:   Styrene monomer   Benzoyl Peroxide (initiator) Benzoquinone (inhibitor)   Nitrobenzene (retarder) Equipments used: The following equipments were used in order to conduct the experiment:   Abbe refractometer   Sodium light   Separating funnel   Vacuum oven Procedure to be followed: Note: Before starting the experiment, following measurements were taken to ensure safety:   Safety glasses were worn at all times while conducting the experiment When handling the hot screw-cap jars, gloves were always worn Stage 1: Firstly, a 110 cm3 of the styrene solution is shaken with an equal amount of dilute sodium hydroxide solution in a separating funnel. The mixture is then shaken twice with an equal volume of deionised water. Once this procedure has been carried out, the aqueous solution is disposed off. By carrying out this procedure, the inhibitor is removed from the styrene.

3 Hot Industries to Watch in Donald Trump’s America

3 Hot Industries to Watch in Donald Trump’s America After the election, whether you’re happy with the outcome or not, one thing remains true: a new president means a new era. Changes in the economy tend to come as the new president takes office and starts enacting policies. And politics aside, there are some industries you should be keeping your eye on as America embarks on its Trump administration journey†¦ especially if you’re not selected for a cabinet position. ManufacturingDuring the campaign, Trump made a lot of promises about bringing manufacturing jobs back from overseas. Realistically, many of these jobs have been replaced by technology and automation- but this shift actually creates new opportunities in the manufacturing sector. While these jobs may have been blue collar, factory-floor jobs in the past, now the openings will more likely be in areas like industrial design, logistics (trucking and transit), marketing, and other front-office-type jobs. In decades past, a high school diploma was usually the ti cket to a solid manufacturing job, but as the industry undergoes further changes, you’ll see more opportunities for those with postsecondary education (training programs) or higher.Example:  Industrial DesignerThe job: Industrial designers develop concepts and plans for manufactured goods like cars, electronics, toys, etc. This is a role that combines engineering, creative design, and business needs to create products that are cost-effective to produce and useful to consumers.Education required: Bachelor’s degreeThe salary: Median salary of $67,130 per year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.HealthcareWhether or not Obamacare is repealed and/or replaced under a Trump administration, healthcare is going to continue to be one of the career hotspots in the next four years, and a focus for economic growth.Example: Medical AssistantThe job: Medical assistants are professionals who handle administrative and clinical tasks in healthcare facilities like hospit als, clinics, doctor’s offices, or nursing homes.Education required: High school diploma, plus completion of a training programThe salary: Median salary of $30,590 per year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.CybersecurityThis is a hot-button issue- perhaps you’ve heard? If you’ve been paying attention to the news, you’ve seen the same themes pop up over and over all year long: â€Å"hack,† â€Å"breach,† â€Å"leaked emails,† â€Å"Russia.† Personal data has become kind of like the Wild West out there- the info exists, therefore someone will claim it. Every industry and just about every company struggles with keeping ahead of hackers and would-be bad guys seeking to snipe others’ information for their own gain, and that will likely continue over the next few years as more and more public attention is brought to these security breaches.Example:  Information Security AnalystThe job: Information security an alysts are IT professionals who are often a company’s first line of data defense. They plan and implement security measures throughout a company’s computer networks and systems, to defend against cyberattacks and data breaches.Education required: Bachelor’s degreeThe salary: Median salary of $90,120 per year, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.As with any new president, the best thing you can do, career-wise, is to prepare for change: new technologies, new national priorities, and new policies. You never know where the opportunities will arise, so it’s important to be open to those changes, no matter how you feel about the politics of it all.

Motivating Secondary Schooling Children Assignment

Motivating Secondary Schooling Children - Assignment Example 195). Sockett's statement expresses a basic premise about the role of motivation: It leads to possibilities for fostering the development of students' potential or "life chances" (Mclnerney & Van Etten, 2001, p. x). In some rare cases the educator is lucky enough to have a group of students who all arrive with enthusiasm for the subject. They have well developed study skills and a strong aptitude towards learning. In these instances the task for the educator is to maintain this enthusiasm and to utilize it to ensure these already advanced students continue to achieve high levels of success. However, the circumstances for educators are often quite different. Their study skills may be underdeveloped and the academic learning may be less than impressive. It is for this reason that an educator should be armed with the knowledge and skill to develop or even create motivation. A central theme of this paper is that teachers have a primary responsibility in education to help students cultivate personal qualities of motivation that can give them resources for developing aspiration, independent learning, achieving goals, and fostering resiliency in the face of setbacks. Perhaps this responsibility is even more important in the context of the motivational problems and challenges faced in the home and in schools in the early 21st century. The research on the issue will include reviewing the literature on motivation and discussing of teaching approaches that stimulate students' motivation. The research paper will also focus on subject interest and draw upon the practical experiences of teachers faced with students whose level of interest in their subject matter is low. Student's discouragement to learn is not uncommon and arises widely throughout the educational system. During the years of compulsory education, the lack of motivation is a matter of constant conc ern. Students are faced with a wide ranging curriculum designed to provide a well rounded education. Amongst the myriad of research subjects there will be some favored topic/subjects, while other subjects may not be that interesting to an individual student. Successful teaching will almost inevitably require the adoption of a different approach to the teaching and learning activities undertaken. Definition and overview of motivation Motivation is a theoretical construct used to explain the initiation, direction, intensity, persistence, and quality of behavior, especially goal-directed behavior (Maehr & Meyer, 1997). Motives are hypothetical constructs used to explain why people are doing what they are doing. Motives are distinguished from related constructs such as goals (the immediate objectives of particular sequences of behavior) and strategies (the methods used to achieve goals and thus to satisfy motives). For example, a person responds to hunger (motive) by going to a restaurant (strategy) to get food (goal). Motives are usually construed as relatively general needs or desires that energize people to initiate purposeful action sequences. In contrast, goals (and related strategies) tend to be more specific and to be used to explain the direction and quality of action sequences in particular situations

Leadership Styles Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership Styles Change - Essay Example Further more the definitions suggest that there need to be an" invisible force" to push people to do something in return. It could also be deduced from the definition that having a motivated work force or an environment in which high levels of motivation are maintained remains a challenge for today's management. This challenge may emanate from the simple fact that motivation is not a fixed trait -as it could change with changes in personal, psychological, financial or social factors Against this background, this paper examines this paper examines how different leadership styles changes with respect to the practical application of Theory X and theory Y. The first part of the paper examines theory X and Theory Y, while the second part if the paper looks at different leadership styles. In the third part of the paper, looks at and presents relevant conclusions and recommendations. According to Mac Gregory in this theory, management assumes employees are inherently lazy and will avoid work if they can. The researcher posits further that workers inherently dislike work need to be closely supervised through a comprehensive system of control. The theory X of Mac Gregory further assumes that, a hierarchical structure is needed with narrow span of control at each level. According to this theory, employees will show little ambition without an enticing incentive program and will avoid responsibility whenever they can. Leadership in Theory X tends to believe that everything must end in blaming someone. He or she thinks all prospective employees are only out for themselves (Friedlander, 1966). 1.2 Theory Y As opposed to theory X, Mac posits that, employees are ambitious, self-motivated, and exercise self-control. Mac stipulates further that employees enjoy their mental and physical work duties. A Theory Y leader believes that, given the right conditions, most people will want to put in the best effort to do their work effectively. Leaders of theory Y believe that the satisfaction of doing a good job is a strong motivation. Many people interpret Theory Y as a positive set of beliefs about workers. A close reading of The Human Side of Enterprise reveals that McGregor simply argues for managers to be open to a more positive view of workers and the possibilities that this creates. Theory X and Y are not different ends of the same continuum. Rather they are two different continua in themselves. Thus,

Customer Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6750 words

Customer Satisfaction - Essay Example The product development cycle starts with the assessment of the customer's needs and ends when the design is finally released. In this highly competitive environment world class organizations are supposed to implement the TQM strategy in order to continually seek better performance. In the world we live today, it must be amply clear that; In fact these guiding principles are inextricably linked to each other and development of this thought along with the development of other business processes can lead to some form of a competitive advantage in the market. The modern view of quality is that products should totally satisfy the customer's needs and expectations in every respect on a continuous basis. This new concept calls for a well designed product with functional perfection, providing satisfaction beyond customer's expectation, excellence in service and absolute empathy with customer. TQM therefore encompasses a set of critical factors (Powell, 1995; Li et al., 2003; Arawati, 2005). In general, some of these critical factors can be identified as; Top management commitment: The top management of a company must be convinced enough to adopting quality control programmes. This will help in conditioning the attitude of other departmental heads to regularly monitor the quality aspect. StrategicStrategic planning: Strategic planning is a process which, through an examination of external and internal factors for an organisation, results in a set of mission, purpose, objectives, policies, plans and programmes for implementation. Customer focus: A progressive organisation is supposed to have a strategy for quality which is based on customer perceptions of quality. Customer service after the sale of a product is considered as important as the quality of the product itself. Benchmarking: It is the process of following the best in the industry. Human resource management: Human resources form the crucial part of any organisation. They are the key players in producing and delivering quality. Supplier relationship: Suppliers too have a role in quality assurances as their role encompasses the identification, acquisition, access, positioning, and management of the resources required for the product and the company. Continuous improvement: Improvement is a never ending cyclic process. Product Quality requires to be continually improved to remain in the competition. Quality information system: How the quality principles are being implemented in the company and if required the management can decide to take a corrective course of action midway, is determined by the Quality Information System (QIS). It was in early 90s that the concept of Total Quality Management started being promoted as a way for business to wring out inefficiencies and boost productivity. TQM was considered the only way to effectively compete with the Japanese dominance in the manufacturing sector. It is a description of the culture, attitude and organization of a company that strives to provide customers with products and services satisfying their needs. KLEEMANN's activities1 concern both the manufacturing and

Problems In Joint Ventures Commerce Essay

Problems In Joint Ventures Commerce Essay As the whole world is running in the race of globalisation, avoiding the concept of joint venture is not favoured by business world. Joint venture is the contribution of two or more organisation for achieving a particular goal. Working in joint venture at international level is not that easy because of cultural barriers. Hofstede (1993) believe that extend of business onto the worldwide step bring the concern of nationwide and area difference to the front. There is something in all countries called management, but its meaning differs to a larger or smaller extent from one country to another (Hofstede, 1993). In this report it is mentioned negative and positive views of joint venture in clothing sector. And also describe the solution and suggestions for a successful joint venture with the help of pest analysis. In joint ventures when a business enters into international market many factors comes up and it is necessary to remind these factors before starting any business internationally. The main factors are:- Cross-cultural awareness. Sound knowledge of political and legal system in other countries. Varied negotiation skills Multi-language skills Global strategic consciousness i.e. Early mapping of opportunities and threats involved This report also gives information about the different problems and issues which China zone can face in future in the developing of the business. With the help of Professor Geert Hofstede the 5d model of cultural dimension is also mention in this report. And with these help China Zone can think and take proper decision in joint venture and also in the future. TERMS OF REFERENCES As a business consultant in Radhe Consultancy our firm provides services from the last 25 yrs to the clients who are looking for joint ventures in different fields like trade, industry, services, manufacturing, distributorship, housing, hotels, hospitals, amusement parks, HR and any other viable venture. My office is Located in California, USA. This is easily access by all transports. Our clients are in all over the world. Our main market is Africa, Middle East, Asia, Europe and China. And my client is a China company :- China Zone Established in 1999, manufacturer and exporter design development and production of wool clothing located in china main land with convenient transportation access. All of the company products comply with international quality standard and are greatly appreciated in a variety of different market through out the world. Have over 800 employees, boast an annual sales figure that exceeds US 10000000 $ and currently export 85% of our products to worldwide places. Our well equipped facilities and excellent quality throughout all stages of production enable us to guarantee total customer satisfaction. China Zone is a big manufacturing and export house in china but now China Zone wants to enter in United States to expand his business and also in USA there are many big opportunities for the growth of the business. With the reference of his business partner he selects our consultancy to know more about the country in which they want to invest. OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION In joint ventures mainly two or more companies are involved and shared their resources, rewards and risks and other following points which are clearly mentioned in agreement. The reason why joint ventures are necessary is:- Business expansion Development of new products or moving into new market Particularly overseas Also there are many other problems are there when anyone want to do business internationally. Legal problems Cultural aspects To describe the differences between United States and china we take Hofstede five cultural dimension. Data Source http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php Hofstede defines culture as a Collective programming of the mind, which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another (Hofstede, 1980). After comparing Chinese and western countries there are some conclusion is shown :- (data source: Hofstede, 1991) First, western countries give the impression to be on average lesser (United States of America 40, Canada 39, United Kingdom 35, Germany 35, and France 68 than China 80 in power distance. Second, in individualism, western countries are normally much higher (United States of America 91, Canada 80, United Kingdom 89, Germany 67, and France 71 than China 20. Third, western countries look like to have interim oriented at the same time as China is judge towards be present as long-term orient. Western countries, America are repeatedly investigated in cross-cultural study, because of economic power, and civilizing representativeness. In short we can say that the United States is indicating the so called western culture in between USA and China seems to be help and clarify all the civilizing differences. Data Source http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php Data Source -http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php USA and China has been significantly differ as their financial system, political systems, societal values and law in spite of the significant changes that have done for the current duration of years in China. The civilizing measurement score of USA and China (data source: Hofstede, 1993). There are some differences that can be found. First, power distance, the China is scoring twice comparative to USA, this shows that China is centralised while USA is relatively decentralised. Second, USA shows the 1st rank in individualism and other side China is showing low score in individualism. Thirdly, USA scores higher than China in masculinity, its mean that USA has average masculinity whereas China is showing medium femininity. Fourth, China scores higher values in uncertainty avoidance than USA, which indicates that Chinese are moderately risk-avoiding but at the same time Americans are quite risk-taking. And also USA has an interim orientation while China has a long-standing orientation. It has been broadly accepted by all that cultural differences deeply affect human behaviour and thinking. Geert Hofstede shows that only seven countries having the highest Individualism (IDV):- USA 91, Australia 90, United Kingdom 89, Netherland and Canada 80, and Italy 76. Types of Joint Venture There are basically two types of joint ventures mentioned below:- First option is to be in agreement to collaborate with another company in a partial and particular way. Secondly is to plan another joint venture dealing probably a new company, for handling a particular contract. Joint Venture Benefits and Risks A small business can also use joint venture for increasing long term relationship. A successful joint venture can provide: Right of entry to new markets and circulation network Better capacity Contribution of risks Entrance to bigger resources, which can include particular staff, skill and finance The Risks of Joint Ventures To make the right relationship and to do business with others probably many problems are arise if:- The main prospect of the joint venture is not clear and discussed with everyone who is involved. All the partners have their own opinion for the joint venture. Difference in the level of sharing like assets, investments and other things which are bringing by all the partners into joint venture. Belongs to different cultures and handling the different management can show the non co-operation. In the joint ventures the partners are not interested to give full support and control. A successful joint venture can depend upon the investigation and achievement thorough examine and learning of the objectives and main aim of the venture. Choosing the Right Joint Venture Partner Success of any business depends on taking right decision. Same happens with joint venture, success depends on some important points like with which you are going to deal with, what are the goals of joint-venture, other party is financially strong or not, what are their resources, etc. Joint-venture in which two organizations are merged for achieving some particular objectives and before choosing a partner every organization must see that the other party is capable of bearing expenses and losses at some extent or they are on whom you can trust, same objectives are shared, credit ability of both, resources, etc. these are pointed below- Financial position Credit ability Availability of resources Shared objectives The suitable partner in joint venture is the partner who has its own resources, asset etc. For better starting it is understood to choose the convenience of customers and suppliers. In this the company must have also think about the existing competitors and other associates. But company have to review the following: Client can choose his partner according to their performance, reputation and reliability. He has also to access their attitude to group efforts or association and what are their business objectives. Partner should be financially safe and sound. Identify that have they other business partners and what type of relationship do they have with them. You should also recognise customers view about your partner and how strong is their management. Legal analysis of the International Joint Venture There are also some Americans legal issues which are also essential after analyzing the other business and other issues. Controls on Export Antitrust laws of United States parliamentary reporting needs of United States overseas barrier to Americans venture Accounts and Taxes issues To create a lawful composition Recruitment Credentials of the global Joint Venture ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION PEST ANALYSIS Pest means:- The pest analysis is a wonderful tool for understanding the position, growth as well as direction of the business. It can be used for marketing and business development. Political factors Immigration control Govt. Rules and regulations for NRI Economical factors Low inflation and unemployment Very high spending in government. Very much concentration about the growth of economy Social factors Variety of religions Mixtures of Indians, British and many other countries Equality in mens and womens. Technological factors Many ISP and airports available. International and national lines are good. A couple of TVs stations. Political factor: Political factor is a big issue for regulating the business. There are many factors like stability of political environment, government policies and tax laws, government policies which come under economy, culture and religion, trading agreements for e.g. Nafta, EU etc. Economical factors: There are some factors are there when anybody is planning to start business internationally:- Inflation level Rate of interest Gdp growth rate Gdp Growth Rate Gdp is an essential part of the UK national accounts which can provides concise explanation of the total economic activities in a county. Presently 3% is the Gdp growth rate because of the economic crisis and excluding this development of the world economy, UK is also representing positive numbers of 10 (Data Source http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/nugget.asp?ID=56 ) Social factors: These factors vary from one country to another country. And it is useful to take these factors. These are:- Religion, foreign products and services, language impact, mens and womens roles in society, stability of population and wealth about older generation, opinion about green issues from young generation. Technological factor: Everyone knows that if technological factors are strong than its a strong tool is there with any country for globalization. There are also some points which can be considered:- Does technology allows for products and services to make more cheaply and to a better standard of quality. Do the technologies offer consumers and business more innovative product and services such as internet banking, mobile services, etc? How is distribution changed by new technologies? E.g. Books and Flight tickets purchases via the internet. Does technology offer companies a new way to communicate with consumers e.g. banners, CRM (customer relationship management). SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In overseas market the most common and favorable way to do business is joint venture. Also we can say that the perfect source for growing in international market is joint venture. There are many problems comes there which are already discussed above like political, economical, technical, environmental, cultural, legal, and many more. It is the best option before entering in foreign countries to do business is to go through these issues because either these factors can affect the company in the future. According to pest analysis and also there are some other solutions are available which are given below. :- To finding appropriate market. Prelaunch studies Lack of infrastructure Management Customs and taxation policies Credits and capitals Markets Comfort with agreements Choosing a reliable partner Interest in community In terms of to finding a suitable market If you are thinking about to business in overseas then u have firstly to choose the market where from the long term the growth rate is growing or high. Also examine the rate of interest, market demand/supplies and inflation rate. In this prelaunch survey or study It is very much important to do this before thinking a business in overseas because its gave information about the market, political factors, economical factors, legal issues, technology and much more. And after taking this survey u can examine that the market chosen by you is favorable for you in the future or not. Lack of infrastructure Includes the advantages of technologies and environmental issues like pollution, transportation. Because if the transportation is not available nearby than its a big problem for doing business globally. Management A success is depends upon that how is your management works. And it is recommended that before entering into a joint venture just meet the management peoples and assure that the company has its own sufficient management force. Customs and taxation policies Before entering into joint venture its also important to check the taxation and customs policies and after that compare its with the profit margins. Capital and credit Before entering into joint venture or to do business internationally evaluation of the sources which already have and the required capital which we have required to the growth of business in the future and then compare the costs and returns Comfort with agreement While entering in the joint ventures it is important to check the contract because it is better to explain everything in the contract so after that everyone knows there responsibilities and not a single misunderstanding happen. Suitable and reliable partner In the selection or choosing a partner just remember that the partner is reliable and having good image in the market and already have some future plans for the growth of the company. Interest in community Means that the both partners should have responsible and these all responsibilities are written in joint ventures. FORECAST AND OUTCOMES It is analyzed that the joint ventures between China Zone and Radhe Consultancy there are some data is suggested before regarding many futures aspects which are beneficial in Joint Venture In this paper it is mentioned the purpose which is required for joint ventures internationally. Also suggest the recommendation of PEST analysis and Hofstede five dimension theories. In this the main aspects is culture as well as economic conditions. After describing this it is assumed that this joint venture will be going on accurately right because the capital of the company is good and having good management. With the Joint Ventures of companies and as per the Solutions and suggestion and Pest analysis and other factors that are given in this report it is assumed that the Chinese company will achieve its expected growth and work smoothly in the future as it wants with the USA based company. Now a day there are many businesses and account related reasons for entering in joint ventures. In this partnership both partners have ability and resources like distributor, technology, finance, man force, management which makes a strong venture. In a joint venture two or more parties are engaged to do business for a specific project. And in a partnership partners are involved to do a continuous business or long term relationship. In this case study there are a Chinese company which wants to establish its business in USA. And it has identified with the help of Hofstede and PEST analysis which problems are there for entering and doing business in USA for a Chinese company. After discussing the problems of joint venture at international level, solutions and recommendations are also given.

Army Ants :: essays research papers

A quote made by Lewis Thomas, "Ants are so much like human beings as to be an embarrassment. They farm fungus, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies into war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, and exchange information ceaselessly. They do everything but watch television." I am going to focus this report on the part of the quote, "..launch armies into war..," which sets a metaphor of ants and our armies in today's society. Ants have many tactics, so to speak, that are similar to the way our armies have when going to war. Ants have many different roles in their society. One of the main roles that army ants or soldier ants have is that they forage in masses for food. These masses of ants travel together and are able to overcome and capture other social insects and large anthropoids, they may occasionally kill larger animals but they do not eat them. As the need for food for the larvae increases, food gathering raids become more intense. The hunting raids made by ants are carried out by "armies" of thousands of ants and set out from the bivouac in various directions. They form two or three parties going out simultaneously in different directions for 100 yards or more. In the U.S. army we attack countries in different areas to weaken the force we are attacking. We send out thousands of troops in various directions and try to surround the source of the location being attacked. For instance, if there are several locations that needed to be attacked to weaken the enemy, like their weapon storage or air force base, we send several sets of troops to attack each individual location. This is very similar to the way army ants set out on a hunting raid. They will send out thousands of ants at once in two or three different directions. When ants go out on their raids, a subgroup called Dorgline ants, walk along margins of the trails as though protecting the smaller individuals in the center. Dorglines are large soldiers that broaden the trail where it follows a narrow ledge of bark and twigs or smooth the path where it crosses a rough plate and they do this with their own body. They do this because footing for the large ants is better along the margins than in the midst of dense mass of scurrying ants. When the army wants to invade or occupy a county, they usually will set up aircraft carriers in the surrounding oceans and set up air forces in neighboring countries. They do this to protect the inside forces of troops and Army Ants :: essays research papers A quote made by Lewis Thomas, "Ants are so much like human beings as to be an embarrassment. They farm fungus, raise aphids as livestock, launch armies into war, use chemical sprays to alarm and confuse enemies, and exchange information ceaselessly. They do everything but watch television." I am going to focus this report on the part of the quote, "..launch armies into war..," which sets a metaphor of ants and our armies in today's society. Ants have many tactics, so to speak, that are similar to the way our armies have when going to war. Ants have many different roles in their society. One of the main roles that army ants or soldier ants have is that they forage in masses for food. These masses of ants travel together and are able to overcome and capture other social insects and large anthropoids, they may occasionally kill larger animals but they do not eat them. As the need for food for the larvae increases, food gathering raids become more intense. The hunting raids made by ants are carried out by "armies" of thousands of ants and set out from the bivouac in various directions. They form two or three parties going out simultaneously in different directions for 100 yards or more. In the U.S. army we attack countries in different areas to weaken the force we are attacking. We send out thousands of troops in various directions and try to surround the source of the location being attacked. For instance, if there are several locations that needed to be attacked to weaken the enemy, like their weapon storage or air force base, we send several sets of troops to attack each individual location. This is very similar to the way army ants set out on a hunting raid. They will send out thousands of ants at once in two or three different directions. When ants go out on their raids, a subgroup called Dorgline ants, walk along margins of the trails as though protecting the smaller individuals in the center. Dorglines are large soldiers that broaden the trail where it follows a narrow ledge of bark and twigs or smooth the path where it crosses a rough plate and they do this with their own body. They do this because footing for the large ants is better along the margins than in the midst of dense mass of scurrying ants. When the army wants to invade or occupy a county, they usually will set up aircraft carriers in the surrounding oceans and set up air forces in neighboring countries. They do this to protect the inside forces of troops and